Human rights are rights bestowed by God Almighty to every individual on earth. Therefore, everyone is obliged to protect and respect each person’s rights.
Human rights have also been regulated in law number 39 of 1999, explaining that human rights are inherent in every individual as a creature of God Almighty and must be upheld, respected, and protected by the state, law, government, and everyone.
These rights include the right to life, security, not to be disturbed, and freedom from slavery and torture. If a person or group of people does not give proper rights to a person or group of people, they will be sentenced to temporary imprisonment or, at most, life imprisonment.
Understanding of Human Rights and Kind
According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary, what is meant by human rights is having their rights to be protected internationally (UN), such as the right to life, independence, freedom of opinion of liberty to own.
Human rights are obtained by an individual born on earth. They cannot be taken or taken away by anyone because it has also been protected by the United Nations in the United Nations declaration regardless of race, ethnicity, religion, and social status.
Kinds of Human Rights
The following are the kinds of human rights that cannot be revoked by a person or every individual.
1. Personal Rights
Personal rights are that everyone has the freedom to express their opinion, is free to embrace any religion, is free to worship according to their own beliefs, and is given the freedom to organize or associate.
2. Property Rights
Property rights (economic rights) are the granting of freedom to own something, be free to sell and buy goods or services and be free to enter into a contractual agreement and have a job.
3. Rights of Legal Equality
Legal equality rights relate to the right to get the same treatment or protection in accordance with legal justice. All will be seen equally in the eyes of the law.
4. Political rights
Political rights are human rights that allow you to be free in politics. Have equal rights to participate in government, and general elections, establish political parties and submit critical petitions and suggestions.
5. Social-cultural rights
Human rights, and social-cultural rights, are related to the freedom of everyone to choose the education they want, granting their right to health services, and developing culture.
6. Procedural rights
Finally, every individual has the right to receive treatment regarding judicial procedures and legal protection by the government. Everyone has human rights and is entitled to fair treatment in searches, arrests, and legal defense.
Examples of Serious and Minor Human Rights Violations
After knowing what is meant by human rights and their kinds, we will provide examples of cases of human rights violations that have occurred in Indonesia, both minor and severe.
1. The Tanjung Priok riots in 1984
Examples of human rights violations that first occurred on September 12, 1984, the victims recorded in the incident included 24 people, 26 seriously injured, and 19 minor injuries. At that time, the panel of judges stated that 14 defendants were acquitted in this case.
2. 1998 Trisakti Student Shooting
This incident is also known as the Trisakti tragedy that occurred on May 12, 1998, against students holding a demonstration demanding that President Suharto stepped down from his position.
From the incident of the Trisakti tragedy, four Trisakti students died, and dozens of people suffered severe and minor injuries. The military court conducted trials against several defendants who were suspected of having caused the death toll.
However, the military court at that time only sentenced two defendants to 4 months in prison; four other defendants were sentenced to 2-5 months, while nine people were sentenced to 3-6 years.
Mutual respect and respect for everyone is an attitude that every citizen must have to protect the human rights of each individual. In addition, every country is obliged to protect and maintain every citizen’s human rights.***( Editor / UMSU )
