The quantitative method is a research method that uses many numbers—starting from the data collection process to its interpretation. At the same time, the research method is an in-depth and careful study of all facts.
Quoted from the book Physical Education Quantitative Research Methodology (2018) by Untung Nugroho, quantitative research is systematic, planned, and structured.
Many say that the quantitative method is a traditional method because quantitative methods have been used long enough to become a tradition in research.
This quantitative method is also called the scientific method because it has fulfilled scientific principles: concrete, objective, measurable, rational, and systematic.
Quantitative research is widely used in psychology, economics, demography, sociology, marketing, health, community and human development, and others. Less commonly used in anthropology and history, research in mathematical sciences such as physics is also included in quantitative research, although the use of the terms differs in context.
Quantitative research methods are part of a series of systematic investigations of phenomena by collecting data to be measured by mathematical or computational statistical techniques.
Most of this research is carried out using statistical methods in collecting quantitative data through research studies.
Characteristics of Quantitative Method Research Is
The characteristics of quantitative research are as follows (Nana Sudjana and Ibrahim, 2001: 6-7; Suharsimi Arikunto, 2002: 11; Johnson, 2005; and Kasiram 2008: 149-150):
I use deductive thinking patterns (rational-empirical or top-down), which seek to understand a phenomenon using general concepts to explain specific phenomena.
The logic used is positivistic and avoids subjective things.
The research process follows the procedure that has been planned.
The purpose of quantitative research is to develop a nomothetic science, namely, a science that seeks to make laws out of generalizations.
The subjects studied, the data collected, the data sources needed, and the data collection tools used according to what had been planned.
Data collection is done through measurement using objective and standard tools.
It involves counting numbers or quantifying data.
The researcher places himself separately from the research object because he is not emotionally involved with the research subject.
Data analysis was carried out after all data were collected.
In data analysis, researchers are required to understand statistical techniques.
The research results are in the form of generalizations and predictions, regardless of the context of time and situation.
Quantitative type research is also called scientific research
Following are the types of Quantitative Research Methods:
- Correlation
The correlational method is one of the various quantitative research methods used in the evaluation. Mainly to detect the extent to which variations in a factor are related to variations in one or more other factors based on the correlation coefficient.
Various quantitative research methods, such as correlational research, detect the level of association of variations in one factor with variations in other factors based on the correlation coefficient.
- Descriptive
The descriptive method is a quantitative research method with a problem formulation that integrates research to explore or photograph social situations that will be thoroughly, broadly, and deeply examined. Various quantitative research methods, such as the descriptive, aim to systematically describe facts or characteristics of specific populations or fields factually and accurately.
- Comparative Causal
The comparative causal research method is one of the various quantitative research methods. The popular name for these types of quantitative research methods is ex-post facto. The comparative causal method is used in evaluation to determine possible cause-and-effect relationships.
- Comparative
Various quantitative research methods, such as comparative ones, function to compare two or more treatments of a variable or several variables at once. The purpose of various quantitative research methods, such as comparative, is to see the differences between two or more situations, events, activities, or programs.
The comparison is seen from how all the elements in the research component are related to one another. Calculations using various quantitative research methods, such as comparative, are in the form of similarities and differences in planning, implementation, and factors supporting the results.
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